Asian elephants have thick, gray skin that is covered with hair. Calves have thicker brown hair, but hair generally becomes sparser as they age. In some places the skin on an elephant is 1 to 2 inches thick and alone can weigh as much as 10% of their bodyweight. The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature, as do the ears. Each elephant's ear is unique and is used as a type of fingerprint for identification. The ears are full of blood vessels and act as radiators. As the ears are flapped the resulting breeze cools the blood and so helps maintain/lower the body temperature.
Asian elephants have one small finger-like projection at the end of the trunk. These "fingers" are very sensitive and make it possible for these huge animals to pick up very small objects. In addition, the more than 100,000 muscles in the trunk make it very flexible and strong enough to lift whole trees. Elephants don't drink with their trunks, but use them as "tools" to drink with. This is accomplished by filling the trunk with water and then using it as a hose to pour it into the elephant's mouth.
The elephant’s foot is formed in such a way that it is essentially walking on tiptoe, with a tough and fatty part of connective tissue for the sole. This spongy "shock absorber" helps an elephant to move silently. The sole of the foot is ridged and pitted; this contributes to the sure-footedness of the elephant for a large variety of terrain. The foot's structure allows an elephant to walk in deep mud without difficulty, because when it is withdrawn the circumference becomes smaller, reducing the suction.
Only male Asian elephants have visible tusks; females possess small incisor teeth called "tushes," which are rarely seen. Elephants use their tusks for digging, tree bark removal, maneuvering fallen trees and branches, marking, resting, and territorial fighting. Elephants are left or right “tusked”, just as humans are left or right-handed.
Male tusks grow four to seven inches annually, while juveniles grow two to four inches. About one-third of a tusk is embedded in the skull. Most tusks have pulp cavities, which are crucial for growth and development.
At the Zoo, elephants have their tusks and teeth examined daily to ensure their health and safety, as long tusks can complicate routine care. Unlike molars, tusks lack a protective enamel coating and can wear down naturally in the wild through activities like digging and rubbing against trees. In zoos, trimming may be necessary since tusks can become too long. This process is painless, similar to trimming a fingernail, and is done with care to avoid the pulp cavity. A radiograph is taken beforehand to determine the exact location of the pulp.